Christoph Friedrich Jäger Ritter von Jaxtthal (September 4, 1784 - December 25, 1871) was an Austrian ophthalmologist who was a native of Kirchberg an der Jagst.
He studied medicine in Vienna and Landshut, and in 1809 was a physician in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1812 he returned to Vienna, where he received his medical degree at the University of Vienna. Afterwards, he became an assistant to ophthalmologist Georg Joseph Beer (1763–1821), who would be his future father-in-law. From 1825 until 1848, he was a professor of ophthalmology at the Josephinum (school for military surgeons) in Vienna.
Friedrich Jäger von Jaxtthal was an influential physician and surgeon of ophthalmic medicine. Two of his more famous students in Vienna were Frédéric Jules Sichel (1802–1868) and Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870). He was a personal physician to Prince Metternich (1773–1859), and the father of ophthalmologist Eduard Jäger von Jaxtthal (1818–1884).